EXPLANATION

 

General Function:

To explain the processes of how something happens.

General Structure;

General Statement – sequenced explanation

Significant Grammatical Features:

a.    General and abstract nouns

b.    Adverbial phrases

c.    Passive voices

d.    Conjunction of time and cause

e.    Complex and technical language

Example:

Nuclear Energy

            Nuclear energy is generated by the splitting, or fissioning ,of atom of uranium or heavier.

            The fission process releases heat, which is used to produce steam to drive a turbine to generate electricity.

            The production of a reliable supply of electricity from nuclear fission requires mining, milling, and transporting uranium; enriching uranium (increasing the percentage of the uranium isotope U-235) and packing it in appropriate form; building and maintaining the reactor and associated generating equipment; and treating and disposing of spent fuel.

            The operation of a nuclear reaction and the related electricity-generating equipment is only one part of an interconnected set of activities.

            These activities require extremely sophisticated and interactive industrial processes and many specialized skills.

  

Question:

1.    The word fissioning in paragraph one is identified as a _____

A.   General vocabulary

B.   Specific participant

C.   Linking verb

D.   Non human participant

E.   Technical vocabulary

2.    From the text we know that the writer wants to _______ to the readers.

A.   Describe something particular to do with nuclear energy

B.   Explain about the complicated process related to nuclear energy

C.   Present the fact about the danger of nuclear reactor

D.   Show how to build such a nuclear reactor

E.   Describe how dangerous nuclear energy is

3.    Nuclear energy is generated by the splitting, or fissioning, of atom of uranium or heavier.

The underline word means …

A.   resulted

B.   powered

C.   generalized

D.   functioned

E.   optimized

4.    What is the purpose of the text above?

A.   To inform about something

B.   To explain the processes of how something happens.

C.   To tell past event

D.   To entertaining

E.   To retell experience

5.    The genre of the above text is______

A.   explanation

B.   exposition

C.   discussion

D.   recount

E.   news item

NEWS ITEM

General Function:

      To informs readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

General Structure:

Newsworthy Events – Background events – Source.

Significant Grammatical Features:

a.    Use of action verbs, past tenses.

Example:

Jakarta (JP)

            The number of people injured in the weekend earthquake in the Central Sulawesi capital of Palu reached 26 the earthquake, measuring 5,8 in the opened Richter Scale, also damage or destroyed hundreds of building. So far no deaths have been reported.

            “Only 3 of 26 injured are still being treated at a government clinic. In the Sausu Trans village, the rest have returned home,” Mohammad Haerollah, an official of the Central Sulawesi Office of the Ministry of Social Services, told the Jakarta Post yesterday.

            Officials at the meteorology and geo-physics office in Palu said earlier that the epicenter was in the Gulf of Tomini, 32 kilometers eats of Palu, at a depth of 32 kilometers. The office recorded 396 tremors between 5.30 p.m. on Sunday. However, locals felt 47 of the tremors.

            Antara News Agency reported on Saturday that most of the casualties were adult, injured by collapsing structures. The agency also said, that victims were mainly residents of the Sauau, Suli, Torono, and Malakosa villages.

Question:

1.    This text as a whole reports …

A.   The weekend earthquake in Palu

B.   The casualties at a government clinic

C.   The profession of Mohammad Haerollah

D.   The damage building caused by the earthquake

E.   The activities of the official at the meteorology and geo-physics office

2.    Which statement is TRUE according to the text?

A.   There were 349 tremors felt by people

B.   Some people were killed by the earthquake

C.   Sausu, Suli, Torono and Malakosa were the worst places hit

D.   The earthquake happened in the South Sulawesi capital of Palu

E.   An earthquake measuring 5.4 on the Richter Scale rocked Palu

3.    “Only 3 of the 26 injured are still being treated at a government clinic.” (paragraph 2)

The underline word may be replaced by …

A.   Manage at the same way

B.   Negotiated with somebody

C.   Considered in a certain v/ay

D.   Given something enjoyable

E.   Given medical care

4.    Why 3 of the 26 injured still are may be treated?

A.   These 3 casualties were possible badly injured

B.   The casualties felt comfortable with the hospital service

C.   Perhaps the facilities at the clinic were complete enough

D.   The injured satisfied with the doctor’s treatment at that clinic

E.   These 26 casualties couldn’t stand staying in the clinic any more

5.    What is the purpose of the text above?

A.   To informs readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

B.   To explain the processes of how something happens.

C.   To retell past events

D.   To entertaining readers

E.   To retell experience

DISCUSSION

 

General Function:

To present (at least) two points of view about an issue.

General Structure:

-   Issue                             : Statement

-   Argument                     : Arguments

-   Recommendation       : conclusion and recommendation.

Significant Grammatical Features:

a.        Use of general nouns, relating verbs, thinking verbs, and causal connectives

b.        Detailed noun groups

c.        Modalities

d.        Adverbials

Example:

Euthanasia

            Assisted suicide, also called Voluntary Euthanasia, is currently a contentious issue in many countries. The question in the debate is this; if a person whose is suffering an illness that has medically declared incurable that they wish to end their life, is it acceptable for others to assist them?

            Supporters of voluntary Euthanasia contend that very human being has a right to life, and this right is perhaps the most basic and fundamental of all our rights. However, with every right comes a choice. The right to speech does not remove the option to remain silent; the right to vote brings with it the right abstain. In the same way, the right to choose to die is implicit in they right to life.

            Those who oppose voluntary Euthanasia, on the other hand, argue that there is no comparison between the rights to life another rights. When we choose to remain silent, we may change OUT mind at a later date; when you choose to die, you have no such second chance. Participating in someone’s death is also to participate in depriving them of all choices they might make in the future, and it’s therefore immortal.

            Indeed, it is not easy to decide whether Euthanasia can be justified morally. In fact, rightness and wrongness depend on the justification underlying the action

Question:

1.    Which statement is TRUE according to the text?

A.   The problem of Euthanasia can be solved easily

B.   It is easy to say that Euthanasia is justified morally

C.   Euthanasia is a contentious issue in many countries

D.   We can practice Euthanasia if we suffer from illness

E.   Practicing Euthanasia is acceptable for those who get serious illness

2.    From the text, it can be concludes that …

A.   It is acceptable to practice Euthanasia done by a doctor

B.   Assisted suicide can easily be practiced by using doctor’s help

C.   There is no debate about Euthanasia due to oneself choice

D.   It is difficult to find the answer whether Euthanasia is justified

E.   The rightness and wrongness of Euthanasia rely on how the doctor does

3.    The following can’t be the title of the text?

A.   The controversy of Assisted Suicide

B.   The explanation why Euthanasia is done

C.   The pros and cons about Assisted Suicide

D.   Can Assisted Suicide be morally justified

E.   The opposing opinions about Assisted Suicide

4.    Participating in someone’s death is also to participate … (paragraph 3). The underline word means …

A.   Take care

B.   Take side

C.   Take part

D.   Take over

E.   Take place

5.    “Assisted suicide, also called voluntary Euthanasia is…..” (Paragraph 1)

The meaning of the word “suicide” is…

A.   Set of rooms

B.   Killing other

C.   Murder of oneself

D.   Set of matching articles of furniture

E.   Soft leather without a shining surface